Raja Rao Essay Example

Raja Rao Essay Raja Rao From Wikipedia, the free reference book Jump to: route, search There are numerous individuals with the name Raja Rao. For example, there may be an other raja rao with different popular achievements. Kindly don't consider this just as THIS Raja Rao isn't well known however ther may be different renowned individuals with the name. If it's not too much trouble keep on perusing this article. Raja Rao (Kannada: ) (November 8, 1908 †July 8, 2006) was an Indian author of English language books and short stories, whose works are profoundly established in Hinduism. Raja Raos semi-self-portraying novel, The Serpent and the Rope (1960), is an account of a quest for profound truth in Europe and India. It built up him as one of the best Indian beauticians. Contents[hide] * 1 Early life and profession * 2 Nationalist Novelist * 3 Later years * 4 Notes * 5 Bibliography * 6 Web References * 7 External links| [edit] Early life and vocation Raja Rao was conceived on November 8, 1908 in Hassan, in the territory of Mysore (presently Karnataka) in South India, into a notable Brahmin (Hoysala Karnataka) family. He was the oldest of nine kin two siblings and seven sisters. His local language was Kannada, yet his post-graduate training was in France, and every one of his distributions in book structure have been in English. His dad showed Kannada at Nizams College in what was then Hyderabad State. The passing of his mom, when he was four, left an enduring impact on the writer the nonappearance of a mother and orphanhood are repeating subjects in his work . Another impact from early life was his granddad, with whom he remained in Hassan and Harihalli. Rao was taught at Muslim schools, the Madarsa-e-Aliya in Hyderabad and the Aligarh Muslim University, where he became companions with Ahmed Ali. We will compose a custom paper test on Raja Rao explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Raja Rao explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Raja Rao explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer He started learning French at the University. After registration in 1927, Rao came back to Hyderabad and read for his degree at Nizams College. After graduation from Madras University, having studied English and History, he won the Asiatic Scholarship of the Government of Hyderabad in 1929, for concentrate abroad. Rao moved to the University of Montpellier in France. He considered French language and writing, and later at the Sorbonne in Paris, he investigated the Indian impact on Irish writing. He wedded Camille Mouly, who showed French at Montpellier, in 1931. The marriage went on until 1939. Later he portrayed the breakdown of their marriage in The Serpent and the Rope. Rao distributed his first stories in French and English. During 1931-32 he contributed four articles written in Kannada for Jaya Karnataka, a compelling diary. [edit] Nationalist Novelist Returning to India in 1939, he altered with Iqbal Singh, Changing India, a collection of current Indian idea from Ram Mohan Roy to Jawaharlal Nehru. He took an interest in the Quit India Movement of 1942. In 1943-1944 he coedited with Ahmed Ali a diary from Bombay called Tomorrow. He was the main player in the development of a social association, Sri Vidya Samiti, gave to restoring the estimations of old Indian human progress; this association flopped soon after initiation. In Bombay, he was likewise connected with Chetana, a social society for the engendering of Indian idea and qualities. Raos inclusion in the patriot development is reflected in his initial two books. The tale Kanthapura (1938) was a record of the effect of Gandhis instructing on peaceful opposition against the British. The story is seen from the point of view of a little Mysore town in South India. Rao acquires the style and structure from Indian vernacular stories and society epic. Rao came back to the topic of Gandhism in the short story assortment The Cow of the Barricades (1947). In 1998 he distributed Gandhis memoir Great Indian Way: A Life of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1988 he got the esteemed International Neustadt Prize for Literature. The Serpent and the Rope was composed after a long quietness during which Rao came back to India. The work sensationalized the connections among Indian and Western culture. The snake in the title alludes to figment and the rope to the real world. 1] Cat and Shakespeare (1965) was a magical satire that responded to philosophical inquiries presented in the prior books. [edit] Later years Rao moved to the United States and educated at the University of Texas at Austin from 1966 to 1983, when he resigned as Emeritus Professor. Courses he showed included Marxism to Gandhism, Mahayana Buddhism, Indian way of thinking: The Upanishads, Indian way of thin king: The Metaphysical Basis of the Male and Female Principle. In 1965, he wedded Katherine Jones, an American stage entertainer. They have one child, Christopher Rama. In 1986, after his separation rom Katherine, Rao wedded his third spouse, Susan, whom he met when she was an understudy at the University of Texas during the 1970s. Rao passed on July 8, 2006 at Austin, Texas, at 97 years old. [2] [3] [4] USE OF INDIAN SENSIBILITY IN RAJA RAOS NOVEL: Indian Method of Story-telling: The technique for depicting of the novel is naturally Indian. The Indian grandma can be viewed as the soonest and generally commonplace of narrators. Achkka is the narrator of the novel, who is much the same as a grandma. She recounts to the story to each new comer to Kanthapura. As per Raja Rao, â€Å"Achakka’s exceedingly long sentences, utilization of spaces, and articulations like ‘this’ and ‘that’, ‘here and there’ are important. She gives us complete character-sketch of Sankar, Bhatt and Rangamma. They are a lot of useful, just as indispensable for the account. Along these lines, one scene prompts another, thus the story will in general be on and on long. This additionally makes the portrayal long winded. There are such a significant number of scenes in the novel. Along these lines, the portrayal is described by verbosity and loquaciousness, which are the highlights of the Indian old stories. Raja Rao needed to pressure this respected custom. Therefore he didn’t feel it important to isolate the novel into parts. In his Foreword to Kanthapura Raja Rao explains that the novel is to be decided regarding the regular Indian convention and not concerning Western techniques for narrating and hypotheses and of the novel composition. Utilization of Religion: Indian way of thinking is fundamentally strict and even governmental issues is additionally spiritualized in India. India’s such a large number of noticeable social reformers and political pioneers were incredible strict figures. In India, shared and political objectives have been accomplished with the assistance of otherworldly exercises. Something very similar occurs in the novel, on account of Gandhi and his opportunity battle. As per a Narsimhaiah, â€Å"there are in any event three strands of involvement with the novel: the political, the strict and the social. † To the uneducated townspeople, Kenchamma is a sort and supportive goddess. Their mentality is amazingly strict. As the story advances the three strings of experience become one: the strict, social and policy driven issues become indeed the very same. Subject of Shakti Worship: Shakti-adore is an essentially Indian topic and it is available all through the novel. In this Gandhian opportunity battle, the women of the Kanthapura assume a key job. The creator has painted them as vigorous types of Shakti. It very well may be said that Indian ladies are strong as rock, and they can without much of a stretch bear the agony. Shakti(energy) ascends in them, and every one of them is propelled at a specific time. One observable thing in the novel is that in the last period of peaceful battle, it is a woman named Ratna, who takes over from Moorthy and leads the development. Utilization of Indian likenesses, adages and Idioms: Raja Rao is ace in utilizing Indian metaphors, sayings and figures of speech in his composition. He utilizes Indian proverbs and likenesses to make an attention to laborers. In the majority of his works, he hadn’t utilized â€Å"Babu English†. He utilizes English words as indicated by his requests. The language of the novel is overflowed with the Indian expressions, Indian metaphors and rural shading. You can discover such huge numbers of sentences in the novel that are actually made an interpretation of from Kannada into English. Once in a while, there is separating of the English sentence structure to communicate passionate aggravations and emotions. Numerous words are taken from nearby Indian dialects. The creator has utilized them ‘as they are’. He didn’t feel it important to make an interpretation of them into English. In the novel, you can get words likeAhimsa, Dhoti, Harikatha, Mandap and so forth. Raja Rao has more than once utilized town precepts, and old stories as indicated by his prerequisite. For instance, (1) Every squirrel has his day, (2) our hearts beat like the wings of bats, (3) but he was as genuine as an elephant, (4) the most youthful is consistently the blessed bull, (5) does a hog remain before a lion or a jackal before an elephant? In like manner, you can discover such a significant number of precepts and colloquialisms from the language of ignorant individuals in the novel. For instance: (1) The cops are not your uncle’s children, (2) the principal little girl drains the dairy animals when the mother is sick, (3) saw you like a rat on your mother’s lap, (4) there is neither man nor mosquito in Kanthapura (5) you can't fix a dog’s tail, (6) land, desire and wifely devotion go gravely together. Now and then Raja Rao doesn’t falter to utilize an inconsiderate and hostile language of the residents. He utilizes this sort of language when it is essential. However, his utilization of this sort of language is increasingly controlled and reasonable. [edit] Notes 1. Nobel laureate Czeslaw Milosz distributed his lone sonnet in the English language for Raja Rao. 2. He was granted Indias third most noteworthy non military personnel grant, Padma Bhushan

Response to "Is the American Dream Over" Essay

Reaction to Is the American Dream Over - Essay Example The essential inquiry is â€Å"is the American Dream Over?† Whereas this inquiry has been posed again and again by various researchers, there appears to come up short on a clear response to this inquiry. This is on the grounds that various creators and researchers appear to have an alternate meaning of the theme â€Å"The American Dream.† However, Cal proceeds to clarify characterize what American Dream is. He contends that American Dream basically implies satisfying one’s life destinations. Notwithstanding, he proceeds to guarantee that the institutional systems of the American government have been ruined to such an extent that it is unthinkable for the regular American individual to accomplish the American Dream. The inquiry â€Å"Is American Dream Over† is seemingly an easy to refute question at issue. This is on the grounds that the inquiry achieves the space for banter on the two sides of the issue. For instance, in his work Cal really focuses to the chance of old and new meanings of American dream and afterward takes on the cutting edge definition. He anyway proceeds to clarify why he accepts that the American dream kicked the quite a while prior in view of the difficulties confronting the advanced American resident. This opens up space for banter in light of the fact that, a critical number of Americans are really carrying on with an existence they had always wanted. In fact, it tends to be discussed that American dream has been accomplished somewhat. Be that as it may, the inquiry at issue additionally covers as a questionable issue since it opens wide the space for reprimanding the administration for the disappointment of Americans to accomplish the American dream The issue of American dream is an inquiry at issue since it gives a decent and reasonable premise where the two defenders and rivals can trade scholarly clench hands. For sure, the subject of whether American dream is alive or dead has gotten equivalent proportion of discussion from the two sides. In his side, Cal gives reason, for example, absence of â€Å"employment, overspending, overburdening, and overregulating government† as a portion of the reasons why American

Product Design Lab

Product Design Lab If youll remember, last week was the Latke vs. Hamentaschen debate. That wasnt the only eventful thing that happened that day, there was all sorts of goings-on beforehand on the 3rd floor of building 35. Whats on the 3rd floor of building 35 you ask? Well there used to just be a normal little classroom, but that has changed as of late. You see, theres this class at MIT that designs toys, have you heard of it? Its hard to build toys without a shop, so the powers at be went out and bought a multitude of new tools, woodworking equipment, and supplies to convert an ordinary classroom into a better-than-average shop. Before the debate Maddie and I headed over to help set up the brand new shop and check out all of the new tools. We spent about 45 minutes cutting leather, opening sets of drills, zip-tying power cords, sorting different types of wood, and helping with odd-jobs around the shop. I, being the eternal tourist that being a blogger obligates me to be, of course took pictures. There is a drill press, belt sander, and band saw at each table We also have a little alcove that is home to a laser cutter and a 3D printer (I cant wait to use these!) When we first showed up I was assigned to unwrapping and opening various templates and drill bits. I finished opening up the templates and some normal bits, but then I got to the next set of bits to open. I dont know how many of you work with wood or are familiar with different varieties of drill bits, but if you are then this next picture should mean something to you. Thats right, those are sets of Forstner bits. Sets. As in multiple. For those who may not be familiar with these types of drill bits, let me put this in perspective for you. My family back home has ONE Forstner bit and it cost $50.00. These things are EXPENSIVE! Not for MIT I guess, because I unwrapped 6 cases of bits, each with 12 bits. Thats 72 Forstner bits. *drool* Oh, by the way, Maddie was really excited about the Forstner bits. One final element of the Toy Building Heaven that is this little shop is the shop vac. You may think that shop vacs are lame, but let me tell you, this is one IMPRESSIVE shop vac. Just look at that thing, its a beast! And its so quiet and powerful, Im not quite sure I could live without one now that Ive tried it. Alright, so thats the shop, but now you have a whole class full of kids that may or may not have ever used these tools before. Therefore, we needed training, and what better way to train than to build a toy? Our assignment in lab the next day was to build a pull toy. You know, a small wooden toy with wheels and a string attached so you can pull it along the ground. We had 15 minutes to design a toy and the rest of the lab (2 and a half hours) to build our toy. If you know me at all then you can probably at least guess the theme of the toy I decided to make. After waffling for a while I decided on a video game classic. I grabbed all my wood, attacked the band saw, sanded and sanded and sanded, drilled a bunch of holes, dry fit axels, stained my pieces and oiled my wheels, and grabbed some googly eyes. 2 and a half hours, lots of sawdust, 3 near-death experiences, and some dead brain cells later I was left with a shiny new pull toy! TA-DA! Clyde PacMan Im now the proud owner of a one-of-a-kind PacMan pull toy. Now before you argue about inaccuracies, the ghost doesnt have to be blue in order for the PacMan to chase it (it just helps). The blue stain wasnt dark enough to look good, so orange it was.

Firestone Case Danger on the Highway...

Firestone Case Danger on the Highway: Bridgestone/Firestone ¡Ã‚ ¦s Tire Recall Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., based in Nashville, Tennessee, has been in the business of making tires since 1900, when Harvey Firestone founded the Firestone Tire Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio. Firestone was acquired by Bridgestone USA, Inc., a subsidiary of Tokyo-based Bridgestone Corporation, in 1990 for $2.6 billion. Today, the company markets 8,000 different types and sizes of tires, and a host of other products. The company has also enjoyed a long and prosperous relationship with Ford Motor Company which began in 1906 when Henry Ford purchased 2,000 sets of tires from Harvey Firestone. Despite emerging as a leader in the tire industry, Bridgestone/Firestone†¦show more content†¦After continued investigations, the NHTSA encouraged Bridgestone/Firestone to expand the recall to include other sizes and models of tires, but the company refused. On September 1, the NHTSA issued a consumer advisory warning of potential problems with other sizes of Firestone tires. During Senate hearings about the growing number of complaints and accidents, evidence surfaced that Bridgestone/Firestone had known about potential tread separation problems dating back to 1994. The company also admitted increasing production to dilute the failure rate. Executives stated that they had not investigated further because failure rates as determined by warranty claims had not demonstrated significant patterns. Bridgestone/Firestone officials accepted full responsibility and admitted the company had made  ¡Ã‚ §bad tires. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Masatoshi Ono stepped down as CEO, and John Lampe, former executive vice president, took over Bridgestone USA. Although many have been quick to point a blaming finger at Bridgestone/Firestone, evidence to suggest that Ford was not entirely blameless also emerged. The designs of the Ford Explorer, along with Ford ¡Ã‚ ¦s recommendations for tire pressure for the Explorer, have been scrutinized to determine whether they contributed to the rate of

How Divorce Has Shaped The Culture And Affected The Future...

Chamberlain School of Nursing Divorce How divorce has shaped the culture and affected the future of our children. Divorce has become more acceptable and common in our culture. A divorce not only involves the parents, children are included too. The family structure varies across America and couples divorce for different reasons such as abuse in the home, infidelity, addiction issues, religion, and the list can continue. When a couple decides to use divorce to solve any marital conflicts there are questions, emotional issues, financially concerns and etc. that will arise during the process. I will explore and collect information pertaining to the concerns and questions of divorce and children of divorce. History of Divorce Our society has become nonchalant about the dynamics of divorce. Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, co-director of the Rutgers University National Marriage Project, â€Å"Divorce is now part of everyday American life† (Sheehan-Johnson Paine, 2013). 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Analysis on Teenage Pregnancy in the UK Free Essays

string(44) " and portraying it as a fashioned activity\." Introduction Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in the UK, and for the last 20 years it has the highest rates in the European Union; other countries with similar rates are New Zealand and Australia (Maticka, 2001 p. 15). The UK is found to have the highest live birth rates among people with the age of 15-19 in Western Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis on Teenage Pregnancy in the UK or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is estimated that even the most prosperous zones in the UK surpasses Netherlands and France in national rates of teenage pregnancy. Between the 1970s and 1980s, there was a record decline with the rates in many European countries. However, these rates did not go down in UK in the period 1979 and 1999 (SEU, 1999), while conception among under 16-olds rose by 1% between 2002 and 2003 (Office of National Statistics, 2005). The common factors found to influence high levels of teenage pregnancy includes but not limited to: Social economic status especially income distribution across societies, gender equality levels within the societies, the availability of sex education and prevention strategies at schools, access to sexual heath services that meets the needs of teenage persons, normalized expectation of continued education beyond the age of 16, Exposure to unhealthy media materials amongst others. In the year 2000 alone, 38,690 under the age of 18 years got pregnant in England. 44.8% of these underwent legal abortion as the conceptions were not planned for. Surprisingly, 7,617 of the total conceptions involved girls under the age of 16 years out of which 54.5% ended in legal abortion (Office for National Statistics, 2000). Many factors influence teenagers’ choices to become sexually active and to use contraception considering their ability to obtain them and make use of contraception their choice. These factorsoperate are exercised at individual’s level (e.g. attitudesand beliefs, knowledge, substance abuse and future expectations), the intra-familiallevel (e.g., social economic factors, family structure, parent–child communication), the extra-familial level (e.g., health services, peer influences,sexual health education at school) and thecommunity level (e.g., values and norms relating to teenage pregnancy).Most of these factors can be changed with time and within respective social institutions individualknow-how concerning sexual health, while others are difficult to change or cannot be changed at all. In most cases, physician groups are left the role to lobby for policy initiatives aimedat changing sexual risky trends among teenagers which includes;enhanced sexual education at schools. However, the important rolefor physicians is to offer suitable sexual health informationand services in their practices when they are providing clinicalservices to youths (Botting, 1998 p. 21). It is necessary that physicians be familiar with the realityof teenage sexual activity. Conducted studies have indicated that, by completion of high school, the majority of teenagers will have had sexualintercourse (Maticka, 2001 p. 3) and approximately 10% have had intercourse beforeage 15. It is therefore much important to include as part of the general enquiry into their well-being, their sexual activity too,use of contraception and condoms, their history of sexually transmittedinfections and pregnancy. There is need to acquire information abouttheir other sexual health concerns. Adolescents are not necess arily the ones to initiate discussions about sexual healthissues, since to them the process of seeking sexual health advice is a complicatedone, and therefore physicians must be proactive in making suchan enquiry. When contraception, including emergency contraception, is indicatedfor teenagers, it should be provided. Like other women, adolescentsalso have a right to abortion services, although the availabilityof such services is not uniform across the country, and teenagedgirls of low socioeconomic status or from visible minoritieshave particularly limited access. Teenagers have the rightto confidential health care, including receiving sexual healthservices, provided their emotional and cognitive maturity allowfor this. Their parents do not have an automatic right to know.The right to confidentiality is not always understood by teenagersand should be appropriately communicated during patient encounters.Finally, when teenagers choose to continue their pregnancy toterm, exemplary care should be provided before, during and afterdelivery, to help minimize the risk of negative outcomes thatmay occur. Lack of consensus on ways of counterchecking pregnancy problem and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in respect to teenagers is one of the factors contributing the high rates of teenage pregnancies in the UK. There are no proper installed structures advocating favorable comprehensive sex and its related education. Low expectations in education which is greatly attributed by the perception that there are few or no employment opportunities lead to teenagers absconding education, engaging in unplanned sex due to exposure in their neighborhoods and subsequent pregnancy (BBC NEWS, Friday, 27 May 2005). Ignorance about the use of contraceptives despite their availability often leads to unplanned conception. Although most of the teenage girls are well conversant with the importance of condom use, a large number would go on and engage in sexual activity hoping the worst does not happen. The youth have been found to be inefficient users of contraceptives even when they are offered for free (BBC NEWS, Friday, 27 May 2005). One Jan Barlow was quoted by BBC attributing three factors that help alleviate teenage pregnancy and STI rate as being: better access to young people friendly services, comprehensive sex and relationship education, and offering more open attitudes to sex aimed at influencing young people in making sound decisions (BBC NEWS, Friday, 27 May 2005). The England government for instance had advocated for sex education training but the school authorities are only focused at teaching other subjects. According to him, Sex and relationship that lacks in school curriculum ought to be made a compulsory unit in personal social health education studies. A study conducted for the NHS at the University of York concludes that education prior to sexual activity makes individuals delay in having sex and makes them more likely to use contraception when they do. However, sex education offered in schools is criticized as being too biological and in-adequate to arm the youths with the relevant sex information (Barlow, 2005 May 27). Teenage girls and boys are misguided approach from TV programs relating sex with celebrities and portraying it as a fashioned activity. You read "Analysis on Teenage Pregnancy in the UK" in category "Essay examples" It is noted that teenagers particularly those not participating in co curricular activities are likely to spend most of their time watching romantic programs. The media sets them adrift in the sexualized society without giving them the tools to look after themselves. The outcome is indirect influence when the affected youth fail to differentiate action scenes from real life (BBC NEWS, Friday, 27 May 2005). Teenage pregnancy comes handy with various complications. The adverse effects include miscarriage, premature births, babies are born underweight for gestational age whereas others are born small (Horgan, 2007). Teenage mothers are also found to have higher risks of contracting STIs, being victims of alcohol and substance abuse, smoking and poor nutrition in addition to suffering higher rates of postnatal depression (Horgan, 2007). Gynecological immaturity in teenage mothers is one of the reasons attributed to the adverse effects following births. Adolescent girls continue to grow when pregnant. The babies they carry faces food and nutrients competition required for their growth with the growing bodies of their mothers. There is also increased risk of obstructed labor during birth because of their undeveloped small pelvises (Horgan, 2007). These effects are adverse and their effects are prone to have a long term effects therefore preventive measures are by the far advisable measures. Family planning and sexual health clinics should be easy to access amongst these women and facilitated with a wide range of the relevant services, including diet advice, cessation on smoking behavior and embarking back to studies after birth. As a matter of fact, they should be encouraged to attend antenatal classes and care which should offer them medical care as well as social support. It is believed that postnatal management for teenage mothers is placed better in offering essential counseling and education on crucial aspects of motherhood such as breastfeeding and nutrition for babies. As many teenage mothers tend to be single and often feel isolated in bringing up their babies, they require special attention from the health and social services (Horgan, 2007). An Obstetrician and Gynecologist; Louse Kenny working at Cork University Maternity Hospital attributes that the figures indicates that death rate for babies from very young mothers is 60% more higher than those from the older women. Further, teenage mothers are more likely to be faced with postnatal depression as compared with their counterparts-the older women. Some 44% of mothers under the age of 20 breastfeed compared to 64% amongst 20-24 and up to 80% in older mothers. There is a need therefore to conduct further studies to ascertain whether the poor outcome from teenage mother births is entirely a link with biological challenges resulting from their bodies not being fully developed; or it is a combination of other factors such as social demographic factors (Horgan, 2007). Teenage mother are at risk of indulging with malpractices that poses unconducive environment to their newborns like smoking due to the associated stress and their vulnerability to peer pressures. At their age, they are not entirely dependent in making sound decisions, a reason why close attention should be directed to them to safeguard their heath and that of the newborns. Awareness towards the dangers associated with smoking for instance is paramount to them, risks of contracting sexually transmitted infections and the need to use contraception in future sexual activities (Horgan, 2007). There is challenge presented by teenage mothers toward heath workers. Most stay for a long time before presenting themselves to health facilities for diagnosis, only to avail themselves at the late stages in the pregnancy. They thus fail to receive timely attention to any possible presenting risk and guidance on how to take care to ensure healthy newborns and safe delivery. Both the teenage mother and the child are prone to undergo negative short term, medium and long term health and mental health outcomes that are as a result of unprepared ness in the encounter and dilapidated exposed conditions thereafter (Botting et al., 1998). The mother’s education and future employment may be brought to prejudice. There is more likelihood of teenage mothers running into trouble in school before getting pregnant and possible failure to complete studies after delivery. As a result, they may not be having academic qualifications at the age of 33, a situation that renders them find difficulty in looking for a job or subject to low payments and poor benefits as opposed to their peers (SEU, 1999). An estimated 80% of teenage mothers do not own their own housing arrangements. They are either housed by their parents, relatives or others sponsors who are added an extra burden towards meeting additional expenses. This is more likely to result into domestic conflict in addition to failure to provide the desired space environment for both the mother and the child which may the related cost may not be within reach (SEU, 1999). Young fathers also face similar difficulties although their extent isles severe compared to that of young mothers. They are however faced with similar economic and employment outcomes in their post parenthood (Kiernan, 1995). Children of teenage mothers are more likely to have the experience of being lonely in the family. They are further faced by generalized risks of poverty, poor housing, and poor nutrition and consequently face inadequate upbringing standards. Evidence shows that daughters of teenage mothers are likely to become teenage parents themselves (Botting et al., 1998). It is thus noted that having children at a young age can damage a young woman’s health and well-being. Her education and career prospects are severely affected too. While young people can become competent parents, a variety of studies reveal that children born of teenagers are more likely to experience a wide range of negative outcomes later in life. They are also three times more likely to become teenage parents themselves (Hughes, 2010). As a matter of fact, at the age of 30, teenage mothers are 22% more likely to be living in poverty than mothers giving birth at the age of 24 years and above. They are less likely to be employed or be living with a partner (Hughes, 2010). Teenage mothers are less likely to have academic qualifications at the age of thirty as compared to mothers who get children after having attained the age of 24 years. Due to their vulnerable condition, they are more likely to partner with men who are poorly qualified and less likely to secure employment (Hughes, 2010). Statistics have shown that teenage mothers have three times the rate of post natal depression compared to older mothers and at higher risk of poor mental health for at least three years after birth. In addition, the infant mortality rate for babies born to teenage mothers is 60% higher than for babies born to old mothers. Compared to older mothers, they are likely to smoke throughout their pregnancy while 50% are found not to breastfeed both which poses negative health consequences to the child (Hughes, 2010). Children born of teenage mothers have approximate 63% increased risk of being born into poverty compared to babies born to mothers at their twenties. They have higher mortality rates and are more likely to have accidents and behavioral problems (Hughes, 2010). Owing to the increased the increased teenage pregnancy as a social problem in the UK, policy makers, politicians and health educators have been borrowing measures applied in Netherlands to alleviate the situations. These measures are selected on the merit of their suitability. Statistics In 2000, the birth rate to young women with the age of 15-19 was 37.7 in every 1000 in England and Wales Compared to 5, 5 in every 1000 in Netherlands. On the other hand, the conception rates were four times higher at 62.2% per 1000 compared with 14.1 % in every 1000 in the Netherlands. (Figure insert) Sex Education Sex education in schools is greatly attributed to the reduced teenage pregnancy occurrences in many countries where it if effectively applied. This hypothesis have been assumed and highly promoted in the media by birth control and abortion lobbies and without the support of the research evidence. In the UK; Sex education has been politicized in many educational centers and political leaders too. The UK parents are not free to set up their own publicly fund schools independent of the state according to their own beliefs and values where there is a high degree of autonomy in terms of curriculum development and policy making. UK lacks diversity in didactics, pedagogical strategies and content and influences of the churches and the involvement of parents are not much stronger. As a result, sex education has nut impacted a lot towards reducing teenage pregnancy (LDM, 2003). It is found that: Sex education is not open as it is often suggested though it is often taught within a firm moral framework. The most liberal and open classes were found in the more social and economically derived areas where teenagers were already more sexually active and teachers felt there was little they could do to compensate for family structures that were inadequate to guide streetwise young people in the increasing sexual culture. Of the teachers interviewed, none was comfortable with the idea of opening up open classes for sex education curriculum which would entail sexually explicit materials. The schools where the sexual activity was less a problem were not on the welcome of sex education but were positive on building on the moral frame work provided by parents within stable family structures Further evidence has exposed sex education as not being that permissive as it is often perceived. A considerable figure of sexual health experts are critical of traditional views of sexual morality widely held among teachers and parents. The experts are concerned that an emphasis on setting the expression of sexual morality firmly within the context of committed enduring relationships is too restrictive when teenagers may want to experiment which sexual activity (LDM, 2003). There lacks evidence to support the ascertain that the teenage pregnancy rate has been reduced by easy availability of contraception to the young people in what is described as an almost imperfect contraceptive population where condom use rose among the sexually active from 17% in 1981 to 85% in1994 (Ketting, 1994). There is no corresponding relationship found in the reduction rates of either teenage pregnancies or abortions whereas there are early signs of an overall rise in the rate of sexually transmitted infection (STIs) occurrences: in particular, Chlamydia which affects the young people disproportionately (Van der Laar, 2002). More findings show that during the 1990s, the abortion rate rose despite a wide increase in contraceptive use (CBS, 2000). It therefore cannot be attributed that the decline trend of teenage pregnancy is a result if sex education, open culture and contraception use rather a combination of factors not related to the above. Since teenage pregnancy is a result of teenage sex, then it goes hand in hand that a society that has more of one of the two is going to experience more of the other. It is thus necessary to consider factors that are known to influence the age at which young people starts sexual relationships (LDM, 2003). Sexual attitudes among young people Casual attitude to physical relationship is ever growing. However, the UK teenagers appear not to be guided by moral principles to a large extent than their counterparts in for example the Middle East that abstain from sexual intercourse until a much later age. A comparative study of sexual attitude among teenagers found that a majority of both males and females in Netherlands for instance gave love a commitment as their primary reason for first intercourse. Physical opportunity and attraction and peer pressure are not leading factors to sex in Netherlands. In UK however, while love and commitment have high ranking in girls, boys are found to be more influenced by peer pressure, opportunity and physical attraction (LDM, 2003). From the perspective of young people in such circumstances, early parenthood can appear a rational choice, providing a means for making their transition to adulthood or having somebody to love in their lives. Welfare benefits A welfare benefit is another factor that makes teenage pregnancy level to be high in the UK. The teenage parents receive income financial support from the government when they are less than 18 years and do not have to depend on their parents. The babies born are put under the care of a legal guardian who happens to be the parent of the teenage mother in most circumstances. The legal guardian becomes the receivership of the governments support allowing their mothers to continue with schooling. In addition to this, the teenage parents enjoy housing benefits, educational opportunities, employment training and free medical care. With the provision of all these, a disincentive to engage in irresponsible sexual behavior lacks (LDM, 2003). Social-economic deprivation Teenage pregnancy is strongly associated with the most deprived and socially excluded young people. Difficulties in young peoples’ lives such as poor family relationships, low esteem and unhappiness at school also put them at higher risk. It is in record that acute levels of social economic deprivations are associated with high frequency of teenage sex activities and associated risks behavior. The concentration of areas with magnificent levels of poverty and social inequality in some areas of the UK has lead to the emergent of a desperate culture in which there is only little to lose in early parenting. The loss is further reduced from compensations of social welfare benefits that alleviate the costs of living and upkeep. An income support and housing allowance for instance makes the cost of having a baby not too much (LDM, 2003). Lack of Stigma In recent years, teenage pregnancy relatively lacks stigmatization in the UK. Stigmatization is known to discourage undesirable habits where the involved persons are subjected to humiliation in the past. Social services makes it hard for one to access most services, people disregard one making him/her always indebted. Lack of stigma associated with pregnancy in the UK is a major contributory factor to higher teenage pregnancy rates (LDM, 2003). There are also some communities in which early parenthood is seen as normal and not a concern. Lone parenthood In the year 2000, single parents in Great Britain accounted for 21% of all families that had children. Children in Britain are more likely to be raised by a lone parent as compared with other European countries. A study of over 2000 young people in England aged 13-15 years found that in families headed by married couple, only 13% of the children were sexually active. The number doubled for young people living within single families. The figure was 24% for the children of cohabiting couples, 26% where the children had separated, 23% where the children divided their time between two parents living apart, 24% where the parents were divorced and 35% where the children did not live with either of the parents (Hill, 2000). Evidence is therefore placed in increase of teenage sexual activity in lone parenting or no parenting at all. Great Britain having single parent’s levels of 21% (in relation to year 2000) inclines that the sexually active youths are very many. Out of wedlock births In western Europe, children are more likely to be born to an unmarried mother. Children born in this context are prone to be raised in poorer environments where sexual activeness is high. Daughters from single mother are also likely to bear children out of wedlock during their teenage years. Divorce In the year 2000, 12.7 in every 1000 married men obtained a divorce in England and Wales. Children in Britain are more likely to have experienced the divorce of their parents. This is important considering that people not living with both biological parents are more sexually active in their early ages than those from intact families. Other factors like race, religion, age and social class are closely based from a family setup (Demo, 1998). Working mothers The UK had 18.3% of mothers with children under the age of five employed full time in the year 2000. The figure was higher for mothers with children aged between five and eight years with 31.9%. Europe, 75% of the population believes that women should contribute to the family income (Schulze, 1999). In the year 1999, UK had approximate 35% of the mothers of pre school children using some form of daycare and approximate 27% of mothers of children aged between 5 -12 using some form of out-of-school care (SCP, 2000). This finding suggests that many children in Britain are left under the care of a third party having no one at home. Once out of school, they have low levels of parental supervision and are more likely to indulge in reckless behaviors, premature sex included. Conclusion Teenage pregnancy poses a societal problem in the UK with the statistics of cases recorded alarming. Teenage pregnancy is caused by a wide range of factors surrounding young people. However, parenting and social economic issues are the major categories that contribute towards the high levels of teenage pregnancy. Due to the adverse effects experienced by the young mothers some of which are long term, it is vital that collective measures that best suit the phenomenon are adopted. By doing this, many teenagers will be saved the misery of upbringing children while being disadvantaged by numerous factors discussed. How to cite Analysis on Teenage Pregnancy in the UK, Essay examples

The Big Q free essay sample

Its a cold September night; just another day of sitting home alone, slowly losing my sanity at the immense boredom that was coursing through my veins, trying to write the next great college essay. Yep, could not ask for a more average night in the life of me. It was at this point that I finally had my why not moment† of lets just do something a little out of the ordinary. Sure Im seventeen and I have a car, but its 10:30 and of course there’s the oppressive law against driving after eleven in the state of New Jersey, so that was out of the question; so out of an impulse decision I bundled up and decided to go for a walk. About a mile and a few hundred brisk, deep breathes later I found myself here, lying on a dock that extends out into the biggest lake in the state. We will write a custom essay sample on The Big Q or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was lucky though. On my journey, I did not encounter one car, person, or any other being. I have had complete silence the entire time; peace and quiet, a wonderful thing. I have been lying here for a while now, just me and my thoughts with only the soft sound of the water swaying into the dock. As I lie here, staring at the nighttime clouds with presence of scattered stars peeking in between, I have begun to truly find the answer to the question I have been looking for. My epiphany you could say. What I have realized is that I am not the next Shakespeare. I do not have the brutal hand-to-hand combat skills of Chuck Norris. I also definitely cannot hold my own in a one on one basketball game with M.J., or write a symphony that will change the ages. I also will probably not win the Nathans Hotdog Eating Contest or wrestle a shark with my bare hands off the coast of South Africa, but what my rambling and sudden realization has brought me too is this; it might not be hard to figure ou t what I am not, but the real tough question is figuring out, who am I? Now, as I ponder my last hour, what I have grasped from this experience is quite simple. Every day is just another opportunity to learn more about yourself. Yes, I have been attempting to describe who I am, but if theres one thing that I just learned it is that who you are cannot be figured out in a short seventeen years and it definitely cannot be figured out in one night. Now, I think its about time to pick myself up, pry my frozen fingers from this pen and paper and hike back to the pleasant little slice of heaven that I call home.. or not.